Nutritional Evaluation of Taekwondo Athletes

Dr. Kashmir Singh1

1

Publication Date: 2024/07/25

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the dietary intake of elite Indian Taekwondo athletes to determine their nutritional adequacy and compare it with other combat sports. Five male athletes participated, with an average age of 24.5 ± 2.5 years, weight 64.5 ± 5.5 kg, height 170 ± 5.5 cm, BMI 22.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2, and body fat percentage 9.5 ± 4.0%. The analysis was based on a three-day dietary record. The findings revealed nutritional inadequacies in protein and fiber intake, despite generally adequate intake of most macro- and micronutrients. Further studies during different training and competition phases could provide more insight into the nutritional risks associated with weight-category sports and the strategies used for competitive advantage.

Keywords: Taekwondo; Nutrition; Athlete; Dietary Intake; Sports Performance Diet.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN2041

PDF: https://ijirst.demo4.arinfotech.co/assets/upload/files/IJISRT24JUN2041.pdf

REFERENCES

  1. Achten, J., Halson, S. L., Moseley, L., Rayson, M. P., Casey, A., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2004). Higher dietary carbohydrate content during intensified running training results in better maintenance of performance and mood state. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96(4), 1331–1340. http://doi.org/ 10.1152/japplphysiol.s00973.2003
  2. Alderman, B. L., Landers, D. M., Carlson, J., & Scott, J. R. (2004). Factors related to rapid weight loss practices among international-style wrestlers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(2), 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000113 668.03443.66
  3. American Dietetic Association. (2003). Position of the American Dietetic Association and dietitians of Canada: Vegetarian diets. ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/openview/feb3f869986ec4e1a048a04ffd9b9042/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl= 49142
  4. The American Dietetic Association. Officers 1992-1993. Directory of committees. (1993, January 1). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/8417104/
  5. Bonci, C. M., Bonci, L. J., Granger, L. R., Johnson, C. L., Malina, R. M., Milne, L. W., Ryan, R. R., & Vanderbunt, E. M. (2008). National Athletic Trainers’ Association position statement: Preventing, detecting, and managing disordered eating in athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(1), 80–108. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.80
  6. Bouhlel, E., Jouini, A., Gmada, N., Nefzi, A., Abdallah, K. B., & Tabka, Z. (2006). Heart rate and blood lactate responses during taekwondo training and competition. Science & Sports, 21(5), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2006.08.003
  7. Degoutte, F., Jouanel, P., Begue, R., Colombier, M., Lac, G., Pequignot, J., & Filaire, E. (2006). Food restriction, performance, biochemical, psychological, and endocrine changes in judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837505
  8. Fogelholm, M. (1994). Effects of bodyweight reduction on sports performance. Sports Medicine, 18(4), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199418040-00004
  9. Gilbert, N. (2009). Symposium on ‘Performance, exercise and health’ practical aspects of nutrition in performance. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 68(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/s00296651 08008793
  10. Gradual and rapid weight loss: Effects on nutrition and performance in male athletes. (1993, March 1). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 8455453/
  11. Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. L. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40(3), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19780152
  12. Kazemi, M., Waalen, J., Morgan, C., & White, A. R. (2006, July 1). A profile of Olympic taekwondo competitors. PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863920/
  13. Kim, J., Lee, S., & Choi, I. (2021). The role of self-discipline in spiritual well-being and psychological adjustment. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(3), 1561-1577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01142-0
  14. Lukaski, H. C. (2004). Vitamin and mineral status: Effects on physical performance. Nutrition, 20(7–8), 632–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.001
  15. Manore, M. M. (2000). Effect of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 requirements. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(2), 598S-606S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ ajcn/72.2.598s
  16. Peck, M. S. (1978). The road less traveled: A new psychology of love, traditional values and spiritual growth. Simon & Schuster. https://psycnet.apa.org/ record/1980-03207-000
  17. Shirreffs, S. M. (2003). Markers of hydration status. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57(S2), S6–S9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601895
  18. Siri, W. E. (1961). Body composition from fluid spaces and density analysis of methods. In J. Brozek & A. Henschel (Eds.), Techniques for measuring body compositions (pp. 223-244). National Academy of Sciences.  https://www.scirp.org/reference/ referencespapers?referenceid=243393
  19. Teshima, K., Imamura, H., Yoshimura, Y., Nishimura, S., Miyamoto, N., Yamauchi, Y., Hori, H., Moriwaki, C., & Shirota, T. (2002). Nutrient intake of highly competitive male and female collegiate karate players. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 21(4), 205–211. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.21.205
  20. Woolf, K., & Manore, M. M. (2006). B-vitamins and exercise: Does exercise alter requirements? International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16 (5), 453–484. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.16.5.453