Publication Date: 2023/11/30
Abstract: Biofuels derived from feedstocks like lignocellulosic biomass are excellent substitutes for fossil fuel as they are more environmentally advantaged and eco-friendly than fossil fuel. The high cost of biomass conversion to biofuel is the main factor impeding large- scale biofuel production. This research project examined the production of biofuel from locally sourced materials obtained and processed at a very low cost. 40g of cassava, plantain (ripe and unripe), and banana (ripe and unripe) peels were pretreated using the physical method which involved shredding, grinding, and heating of substrates to increase the surface area for enzymatic action. Gloeophyllum Sepiarium (Polypore mushroom) and Pleurotus Ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) were used to hydrolyse the substrate at room temperature for 7 days. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Baker yeast) was further used to ferment the samples at room temperature for 7 days. The fermented samples were distilled at 78oC and the quantity of bioethanol produced was determined. After the hydrolysis process, the amount of sugar present in the samples was determined using the DNS reagent method. The highest yield of 0.8859g/L was obtained in cassava peels, followed by 0.7440g/L in unripe banana peels, and the least was obtained in ripe plantain peels with a yield of 0.5330g/L. During fermentation of the samples using saccharomyces cerevisiae, the quantity of reducing sugar present in the samples was determined at a 24-hour interval. The value obtained showed a steady decline in the quantity of reducing sugar present in the samples indicating the conversion of sugar to bioethanol. The quantity of bioethanol distilled from the samples was highest in cassava peels with a yield of 13.2cm3 and lowest in ripe plantain with a yield of 3.9cm3 . This research project revealed that the maximum yield of bioethanol can be obtained on a large scale from cassava peels using low- cost enzyme-producing organisms like mushrooms for hydrolysis.
Keywords: Cassava Peels, Banana peels, plantain peels, Bioethanol, Pleurotus Ostreatus, Gloeophyllum Sepiarium, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Renewable Energy, Biofuels, Sustainability.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10224267
PDF: https://ijirst.demo4.arinfotech.co/assets/upload/files/IJISRT23NOV758.pdf
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