Publication Date: 2020/03/23
Abstract: The utilization of wheat based foods are now considered as an alternative to reduce the effect of hunger and malnutrition worldwide, this is due to increase in human population. This paper aimed to evaluate the phytochemical, mineral element and proximate composition of three varieties of wheat grain cultivated in Kazaure Local Government, Jigawa state, Nigeria. The qualitative phytochemicals were analysed according to Brain and tuner [3] methods, proximate composition by method described by A.O.A.C[7] while the mineral element were evaluated using AAS. The phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoid, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, phenols and steroids were found in all the three wheat varieties. The proximate of the three varieties showed that the ash, carbohydrate, moisture, proteins, fats and fibre content were in range of 1.58± 0.15 to2.67±0.07, 73.30±0.22 to 74.38±0.04, 5.21±0.060 to 6.18±0.12, 11.48±0.21 to 13.49±0.010, 3.65±0.030 to 4.84±0.020 and 1.58±0.01 to 2.73±0.03 respectively. The mineral composition of the three wheat varieties indicated the sodium(Na), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), iron(Fe) and zinc(Zn) for T. Aestivum were found to be 273.34±0.001, 318.67±0.001, 50.02±0.0017, 130.63±0.0042,56.12±0.0012, 12.43±0.0011 mg/100g and that of T. Durum were 250.20±0.001, 310.00±0.001, 20.92±0.0014, 88.65±0.0033, 38.83±0.0008 and 11.04±0.0016 mg/100g respectively while T. spelta revealed that the mineral elements were found to be 245.00±0.001,290.92±0.0012,15.65±0.0033, 68.83±0.0006, 30.04±0.0012 and 9.20±0.002 for sodium(Na), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron(Fe) and zinc (Zn) respectively. In conclusion, presence of secondary metabolites in all the three varieties indicated the therapeutic properties of the wheat, the levels of mineral element were found to be within the recommended value by FAO/WHO for grains. While the proximate analysis revealed by the three varieties of wheat proved it as good source of nutrients.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, Proximate, Mineral Element, Wheat.
DOI: No DOI Available
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